WAMP XAMP MAMP and LAMP

What is LAMP SERVER ?

1.Full form of LAMP is Linux, Apache, MySQL and PHP.

2.This is a open source platform.

3. LAMP Server is work on Linux Operating System only.

4. LAMP is a combine package of  Linux, Apache, MySQL and PHP.

5. Apache is the web server

6. Mysql is the relational database management system.

7. PHP is the object-oriented scripting language.

What is WAMP SERVER ?

1.Full form of WAMP is Windows, Apache, MySQL and PHP.

2.This is a open source platform.

3. WAMP Server is work on Windows Operating System only.

4. LAMP is a combine package of  Windows, Apache, MySQL and PHP.

5. Apache is the web server

6. Mysql is the relational database management system.

7. PHP is the object-oriented scripting language.

What is MAMP SERVER ?

1.Full form of MAMP is MAC, Apache, MySQL and PHP.

2.This is a open source platform.

3. MAMP Server is work on MAC Operating System only.

4. LAMP is a combine package of  MAC, Apache, MySQL and PHP.

5. Apache is the web server

6. Mysql is the relational database management system.

7. PHP is the object-oriented scripting language.

What is XAMPP SERVER ?

1. xampp stands for x-os, apache, mysql, php , perl. 

2. This is a open source platform.

3.  X-OS means it can be used for any operating system.

4. XAMPP for major operating system including windows, mac, Linux.

4. XAMPP  come with additional features including support of perl, filezilla, mercury mail and some scripts.

Database and Spreadsheet

Cells can refer to other cells, and the spreadsheet can include cells that carry out processing on other cell values. A database typically stores data values in tables. Each table has a name and one or more columns and rows. ... Databases can enforce relationships between records in different tables.

IMPACT OF AUTOMATED ACCOUNTING SYSTEM ON PAYROLL PREPARATION IN SOME SELECTED LARGE ORGANISATIONS

This research project is aimed at studying the impact of automated accounting system on the payroll preparation in large organisations selected from both Lagos and Ota.
In an attempt to study the impact of automated accounting system on payroll preparation; data were collected through administration of questionnaires to various large organisations located in Ota and Lagos. The data were analysed and average mean score were. The four hypotheses were tested using correlation co-efficient, analysis of variance (ANOVA), Mean score and using goodness of fit test (chi-square).
The study showed that computerisation is an effective tool of communication and achievement of organisational goals; however majority of the respondents remained indifferent as to whether computerisation reduces the labour force. The result of the hypothesis tested also showed that application of modern computer packages may not necessarily bring permanent solution to accounting and payroll processing problems in organisations. The causes of errors, frauds and irregularities etc in many organisations had been traced to unscientific and/manual mode of processing accounting information. This has resulted, on many occasions to a substantial loss of return on investment. Finally, Conclusion was drawn and recommendations were made based on the findings of the study.


Business organisations, especially the large ones exit to carry out certain duties and responsibilities to their owners and those who have interest in them. One of the means by which they could achieve their aims and objectives involving paying particular attention to information needs of the parties they exist to serve, both internal and external.
Moreover, large business organisations normally have sizable number of employees on their payroll. Coupled with this fact, they have to pay much attention to certain things to make them operationally efficient; the main critical area now being considered is the ‘Time and Attendance Management’. Most companies are not really appreciating the losses that can occur without proper time and attendance accounting.

The question that arises here is, how does an organisation go about processing the information needed by internal and external parties in an efficient manner?
This is where the concept of “automation” comes in to play. This often denotes what has been otherwise called the electronic office, new office technology, the office of the future, computer aided office work etc.

THE EFFECT OF SECURITY CHALLENGES ON THE NIGERIA ECONOMY, PROBLEM AND PROSPECT (A CASE STUDY OF JOS METROPOLIS)

This study “The Effect of Security Challenges” was carried out to look into the effect of the persistent security challenges in Nigeria. It aims to assess/ investigate/ evaluate the prevailing condition such as the Jos 2014 Bomb Blast and to look at the past situation and events.  The population of 31 which was also used as sample size was drawn from Jos  metropolis, 40 questionnaires was distributed and 31 was retuned, percentage and table were used for the understanding and interpretation of questionnaires. The  major finding from the study  as the researchers observed was that most of the respondent believed, Nigeria has lost so many investors due to insecurity and it is the duty of the Government to provide security to its citizens in other for its economy to grow. As a result the researchers recommended that   the government should formulate and implement policies and programmes capable of addressing the insecurity in Nigeria such as poverty, unemployment etc. and also to enhance the quality of education in Nigeria.

Since the return of Nigeria to civil rule in 1999, security challenges have posed a serious threat to smooth governance reaching new height in 2013.
Security is a state of being or existence that is free from danger, fear, threat anxiety and uncertainty. Security transcends every facet of human endeavor. By implication security embraces the establishment of proactive and defensive measures to safe guard all persons, materials and information from every form of danger.
Nigeria security exists in two domain and these are the internal and external. The security of a country can be affected from within a considerable number of political, economic and social economy, intra and inter ethnic animosities, the issues of resource allocation, management of all act on the equilibrium of the nation economy.

The security challenges to the Nigeria from 2007 – 2013 have crippled the economy, loss of businesses, loss of business profit, lives and properties worth billions of Naira.
From 1990 – 2007 at the peak of militancy in Niger Delta, crude oil production which is the mainstay of the country went as low as 700,000 barons per dollar (bpd) against over 2  million bpd. These adversely affected Nigeria economies as the revenue accruable from oil dwindle.

The Jos crisis (in the north central) which started in 2001 – 2013 has also adversely affected the state economy. The revenue which is largely accrued from the taxes of individual business has witness the mass relocation of majority of the residence/people to another state which is more peaceful.
Kidnapping, ritual killing and armed robbery (2007-2013) that is more common in the south eastern part of the country has spread to other part of the country. This phenomenon is now regarded as the main security challenges confronting the nation. This has affected the economy of the eastern states which course many people to relocate to safer states.

In the north east, north central and north west, the Boko haram mayhem from 2009-2013 is one of the major concern of the Nigerian government. The notable attack carried out by the sect with constant loss of lives and billion naira worth of properties which includes; the Mogadishu Barrack bombing in Abuja December 2010, the police Headquarters bombing in Abuja in June 2011, the united nation bombing in Abuja in August 2011 and the various mass destruction of telecommunication in 2011-2012 in the north eastern Nigeria.

With all these security challenges in the country, has  raised yet another critical question on the preparedness of the nation to attain desired vision 2020.

THE ROLE OF BUDGETING AND PLANNING AS AN INSTRUMENT FOR CONTROLLING FUTURE EXPENDITURE IN NIGERIAN PRIVATE SECTOR

Budgeting as a control device help to control specific organizations expenditure and it helps to prevent waste. There are various types of budget in an organization. Budgeting and planning technique are used to control future expenditure in a dynamic profit making organization which calls for evaluation, reviewing and implementation of the technique used previously for efficiency and effective attainment of organization objective. Budget as a standard with which to measure the actual achievement of people, department, firm among others. This research work make use of both primary and secondary data to include questionnaire, interview, textbooks, and journals chi-square method of analyzing data was used in testing the budgeting and planning to serve as an affective controlling mechanism techniques, there has to be plan upon which budgeted expenditure are based. Government have a greater role to play in promoting budgeting and planning in ensuring that budgeting and planning are fully relevant at due course and have full control over budgeting and planning as control measure.

The background context of this research work is that many organization today operate meaningful, there has to be clear direction of where it is heading to or what it is aiming to achieve, the standard at which it require the result of these objectives and also mean of monitoring deviation from the standard required. These considerations can only be done through budgeting, planning as well as controlling.

    The reason the researcher this project is for the researcher to have more knowledge about what budgeting and planning is talking about and also budgeting plays a very important role of controlling expenditure that is budgeting helps planning for the future. it serves as a control function through management by exception which is the assessment of performance managers work with that of top management in order to co-ordinate the activities of the organization. It also facilitate communication which is referred to as a tool of flow of ideas between top managers and low level managers, it also motivate the workers and help in making good decision.

planning is also a function of management and decision making process which deals with the establishment of a desirable of a desired profit, the preparation material, labour force, plant and machinery for anticipated velum of production and sales and creation of communication system which permits reporting and controlling actual result against pre-determined plans.
Furthermore, the researcher is desirable in the research work because it will also enlighten other researchers who will like to go on research about budgeting and planning in Nigeria private sector and also as a result of the important work played by budgeting and planning.

THE IMPACT OF FINANCIAL INCENTIVES ON WORKER’S PERFORMANCE

This research examines the “The impact of financial incentives on worker’s performance in an organisation” “(a case study of Federal Polytechnic Bauchi) the aim of this research way to determine impact of financial incentives in motivating workers’ in the organization. For the purpose of this study, questionnaires were administered to the staff of the polytechnic, tables and perceiving as were also used to analyze the data collected from the respondents. In the cause to analyze the data collected from the respondents.

In the course of the research, it was discovered that the management offer financial incentives to the employees in order to improve their performance in the polytechnic. It was concluded that the important of financial incentives as a motivational not cannot be overload, it will be very difficult to operate successfully in an organization setting which comprises ofndifferent sets of people with different behaviours without including an incentive in order to bring the best out of the employees, so as to achive the overall goal of the organization.

It way recommended that the management should put more efforts on financial incentives, since its impact on workers performance is positive and the organization should also commence the periodic review on compensation policy in-order to encourage their worker’s in the organization.

THE IMPACT OF ETHICAL AND CODE OF CONDUCT IN REGULATING THE ACTIVITIES OF NIGERIAN ACCOUNTANTS

There is absolute need to know analysis, the impact ethics and code of conduct has on the activities of Nigerian accountants. The significance of ethics and code of conducts cannot be over emphasized to themselves as professionals able to abide by the ethics of their profession.

Various professions like doctor, nurse, engineers, lawyers, accountants, e.t.c have their own ethics which they are expected with and code of conduct which has to do with the way and manner in which they are expected to conduct themselves when discharging their professional duties, over the years, there had been cases of unethical practices on the part of professional accountants which has resulted in retrogression of the economic and financial sectors of the country.


The reason for the study was motivated due to traits of unethical practices when ranges from distressed bank which is caused by ethical abuse on the part of auditors, inflated contracts, falsification of financial statement   with the sole aim of concealing fraud and embezzlement, breach of financial regulations and civil services rules.

The research work is desirable because with ethics and code of conduct both client and professionals will be protected; it will redeem the image of professionals conduct, improve quality of professional work and ensure consistency in performance.
The purpose of the study is aimed at improving the profile of the profession, motivate and inspire practitioners and to create awareness and consciousness on issues relating to ethic and code of conduct.

ROLE OF INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL AUDITOR IN COMMERCIAL BANK (A CASE STUDY OF KEYSTONE BANK IN BAUCHI)

An efficient and functional economy depends largely on strength of its financial system, in Nigeria, some government departments, ministries and prostates have adopted the role of internal and external auditor in  commercial banks to execute and enhance control over their financial activities. Hence the research work is aimed at identifying the inadequacy associated with the traditional data processing method. In the light of the above, several extent literature, relates the inadequacies of the traditional system to slowness in processing large volume of data and vulnerability to human avoidance error. This call for the adoption to role of internal and external auditors adoption of which have to be helpful considering in meeting the above identified challenges, the variously suggested.

The work of an auditor is covered with checking the books of account and other relevant documents of an organization in order establish the creditability of the financial statements and reports. The examination, upon which the report is based, is known as audit.
There are two main types of an auditor. That is internal and external. Therefore, there is need to examine the bank books of account and other supporting documents of commercial bank by other internal and external auditor so as to safeguard the public funds and to protect error in the financial statement of account and other relevant documents.

IMPACT OF CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT ON PERFORMANCE IN THE BANKING INDUSTRY (A CASE STUDY OF FIRST CITY MONUMENT BANK, BAUCHI STATE)

    The word banking according to Adrian (1980) originated during thirteen and fourteen continues, during which banks where re-established in Italy and Green rapidly. Money changes in those days sat behind portable benches in public squares where they display their coins. The word Bank (bench) symbolized the business and was carried over into the Italian word Banco and the French now Banques.
With the revival of trade between Italy and other parts of the world, banks sprang up else where and intricate banking system soon evolved, gradually banks grow in number, size and importance Adrian (1980).
    The modern banks of the 1080’s with the numerable customers services technological operations, branches and for-flung business activities present a striking contrast tp those ancients bank which develop after men adopted copper, silver and gold coins as their money or medium of exchange Adrian (1980).
    Nigerian banking system however, started around 1886, and today the banking sector liberalization have now completed the process of usur ping the industry “Old generation” stalwarts, to the :new generation” (generally regarded as banks founded around 1989 to date). Nigeria today is having many banks in operation with branches all over the country including first city monument bank.

The stiff competition pervading the Nigerian business has forced banks to maintain beneficial relationship with their customers.
This is borne out of the realization that the survival of banks depends to a large extent on repeated patronage by their customer. This relationship depends on the banking service offered to the customers by the banks. Kotler (2004) ascertain that “If the service performance falls below a customer’s expectation the customer is satisfied, if performance exceeds expectations the customer is satisfied, if performance exceeds expectation the customer is delighted”. In this regard customer satisfaction refers to the use of mutual exchanges of services between bankers and their customers in order to achieve set up organizational goals.

    According to Adrian (1980) banking is as old as civilization itself. The Baybylonians developed a complex system of lending and borrowing and holding money on deposit long before 2005 BC. Later in Greece shrines are used to serve as banks. The early Greeks reasoned that no one would incur the wrath of god by stealing money left inside the temple.
Adrain further stressed that, Roman copied the Greek banks, but went even further to offer services for transferring account making loans writing cheques  to withdraw funds and various other conveniences with the fall of Rome, however, all financial dealings ceased and during the dark ages, the banking business  disappeared in most of Europe, although  it continued in parts of Asia and North Africa.

EVALUATING THE IMPACT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN ACCOUNTING SYSTEM

Historically, man has experience an ever increasing need for information and had continued to seek way to meet his needs. The history of accounting has witness the development from the book-keeping stage of the 17th century to later operation of the ledger.
The development of accounting is aimed at keeping proper record of monetary transaction. A manual record system used in the olden days consisted of piece of papers with record not properly prepared and could not be relied upon as a sources of information. The volume of work in the organization becomes too much which lead to slow inefficient service.

This led to the introduction of the application of computer; a more efficient and a fast means of recording, analyzing and processing information within the organization set-up.
    The use of computer as an aid to accounting cannot be over emphasized. With the invention of computer, most organization change from manual system to use of computer, which reduce the volumes of work and information. The quality of information form the computer is of formal importance.
    The research work therefore, examine financial statement with regard to the performance of accounting system, the study places emphasizes on the significance of information technology has on organization set up in terms of operation efficiency, man power, timely rendering of accurate accounting information for decision making and the inherent problem associated with computerization such as lack of technical knowhow, administration control, control of operation, procedural control, efficient power supply and loss of data processing trial.