Saturday, 31 December 2016

INTERNAL CONTROL AS AN AID TO ACCOUNTABILITY IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR.

INTERNAL CONTROL AS AN AID TO ACCOUNTABILITY IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR




In this study internal control as an aid to accountability in the public sector was researched on using Biase local government area, cross river state as the case study. The major objective of the study was to find out and understand how internal  control  aids  accountability  in  the  public  sector  and  to  explain  those relevant topics, which will enable any reader to understand and appreciate the important  of  how  internal  control  aids  accountability.

Questionnaires  were constructed for the purpose of data collection. The constructed questionnaires were administered to the various departments of Biase local government area. A field study was used to test and establish the validity of the hypotheses. Hence data was carefully analyzed with the aid of simple percentages. The hypotheses were then tested by using chi-square and decision rule which was used in the conclusions. The major findings revealed that, internal control provides desired results in the public  sectors;  internal  control  provides  for  preventing  and  detecting embezzlement, fraud and errors, for reasonable accounting of liabilities, expenses, revenue and assets. In conclusion, the researcher observed that internal control system has a significant positive impact on every establishment’s profitability and survival.

No  organization,  regardless  of  the  nature  and  size  can  operate successfully without an adequate and effective system of internal control and accountability. For effective application of internal control these recommendations were made. That good, complete and integrated system of accounting should be established. Written manual of accounts operational procedures should be set out. There  should  be  adequate  forms  and  documents  with  some  control  features. Accounting system should emphasis employee competence and duties assigned should be commensurate capabilities. Finally, public sectors should effectively utilize  the  information  or  reports  given  to  it  by  internal  audit  department  in handling its financial affairs.

Friday, 30 December 2016

INVENTORY CONTROL AS AN EFFECTIVE TOOL FOR COST CONTROL IN AN ORGANISATION

INVENTORY CONTROL AS AN EFFECTIVE TOOL FOR COST CONTROL IN AN ORGANISATION 



The topic of this research work is inventory control as an effective tool for cost control in an organization using Cadbury Nigeria plc as a case study. Inventory control  can  be  defined  as  the  implementation  of  management’s  inventory policies in a manner that assures that the goal of inventory management is met.  The management of various companies is faced with the problem of at what level inventory should be held in order to have a healthy operation that is optimal stock level that will minimize the cost of stocks the (ordering and holding  costs).

The  researcher  objective  is  to  know  the  effectiveness  of inventory control on cost control. In this course of carrying this research work various  techniques  or  methods  of  data  collection  were  used.  They  include questionnaires, interviews and observations. A sample size of 73 workers in Cadbury Nigeria plc was also used and was chosen among the number of department/sections of worker using Bowley’s proportional allocation formula.

The researcher makes use of three hypotheses in this study to analyze the research project. The researcher made used of Z-test in testing the formulated hypothesis. The researcher used the descriptive statistical tools (tables, figures and percentages) in the presenting and analyzing the data generated from this study. From the analysis, the researcher finds out that effective management of inventory will help a firm to control its cost and contribute to the actualization of  a  firm  organizational  goal.  The  researcher  therefore  recommends  that organization should apply the technique of inventory control with the objective of cost control so as to enable the goal of profit maximization to be attained.

Thursday, 29 December 2016

EFFECTS OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ON THE EFFICIENCY OF TAX ADMINISTRATION IN NIGERIA

 EFFECTS OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ON THE EFFICIENCY OF TAX ADMINISTRATION IN NIGERIA 



This  research  study  examines  the  Effect  of  Information Technology on the Efficiency of Tax Administration in Nigeria, a case Study of Enugu State Board of Internal Revenue. Its main objective is to find out whether the application of Information Technology increases efficiency on tax administration. For the purpose of this study, the researcher adopted the method of survey Research Design. Data used in this research were gotten from  both  primary  and  secondary  sources  including questionnaires  and  textbooks  respectively.  These  data  were analyzed  and  presented  in  tables.

Three  (3)  hypotheses  were formulated and tested using  the  Analysis  of  variance(ANOVA) method. The findings of this research tend to show that effective tax administration resulting from the application of Information Technology leads to an increase in tax base as more potential taxpayers are drawn into the tax net when there is a conducive environment. It is recommended in this work that enlightenment campaign be made available for the masses and also adequate training for the tax officials on the use of modern technology

Wednesday, 28 December 2016

EFFECTS OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ON THE EFFICIENCY OF TAX ADMINISTRATION IN NIGERIA

 EFFECTS OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ON THE EFFICIENCY OF TAX ADMINISTRATION IN NIGERIA 


This  research  study  examines  the  Effect  of  Information Technology on the Efficiency of Tax Administration in Nigeria, a case Study of Enugu State Board of Internal Revenue. Its main objective is to find out whether the application of Information Technology increases efficiency on tax administration. For the purpose of this study, the researcher adopted the method of survey Research Design.

Data used in this research were gotten from  both  primary  and  secondary  sources  including questionnaires  and  textbooks  respectively.  These  data  were analyzed  and  presented  in  tables.  Three  (3)  hypotheses  were formulated and tested using  the  Analysis  of  variance(ANOVA) method. The findings of this research tend to show that effective tax administration resulting from the application of Information Technology leads to an increase in tax base as more potential taxpayers are drawn into the tax net when there is a conducive environment.

It is recommended in this work that enlightenment campaign be made available for the masses and also adequate training for the tax officials on the use of modern technology

Tuesday, 27 December 2016

EFFECTIVENESS OF PROFIT PLANNING IN NIGERIA ORGANISATION

EFFECTIVENESS OF PROFIT PLANNING IN NIGERIA ORGANISATION.



In  modern  economies,  prices  are  generally  expressed  in units of some form of currency. Although, prices could be quoted as  quantities  of  other  goods  and  services  (BARTER  SYSTEM). Prices are sometimes quoted in terms of vouchers such as trading stamps.  Price  sometimes  refers  to  the  quantity  of  payment requested by a seller of goods or services rather than the actual payment amount.

One of the most crucial operating decisions management must make is establishing a setting price for its products but this is quiet unfortunately that many firms are  still mismanaging pricing causing lots of money and anticipated profit to be unexplored and wasted.
In many financial transactions, it is customary to quote prices in other ways. The requested amount is sometimes called the asking or selling price, while actual payment may be called the transn  of  unprofitable  products, provision of costing information and cost contro

Monday, 26 December 2016

Why is education important?

Why is education important?

Education is one of the most important parts of Concern Worldwide's charity work. Why? Simply put, education is the key to lifting families out of poverty.

Long-term gains

The long-term economic, social and personal gains from education are proven – for individuals, families, communities and the development of a nation.
 
To achieve this there must be a minimum standard of education and sufficient levels of literacy, numeracy and life skills to enable people to lift themselves out of absolute poverty.
 

Facts about education

Education reduces poverty

Education reduces malnutrition 

Education improves health

  • A good education reduces people's vulnerability to HIV and AIDS
  • Education reduces infant mortality

Education reduces inequality

Education is a key factor associated with men’s attitudes toward women - men with less education – particularly those who have not completed secondary school, have more rigid attitudes and are more likely to be violent towards their family.

Sunday, 25 December 2016

Merry Christmas to you!



Wishing all my family members peace and love this holiday season. May you feel the joy in your home that you bring to me.

It is a fine seasoning for joy to think of those we love.

I love Christmas, not just because of the presents but because of all the decorations and lights and the warmth of the season.

I’m wishing you blessings and joy this Christmas. I am so happy to call you a member of my family and I cherish spending time with you.


And know that I am with you always; yes, to the end of time.
merry christmas
merry Christmas

Let us keep Christmas beautiful without a thought of greed, that it might live forevermore to fill our every need, that it shall not be just a day, but last a lifetime through, the miracle of Christmas time that brings God close to you.

Christmas is the time to give gifts to your family and let them know how much you care about them, so that’s what I’m doing.



It was always said of him, that he knew how to keep Christmas well, if any man alive possessed the knowledge. May that be truly said of us, and all of us! And so, as Tiny Tim observed, God Bless Us, Every One!

The main reason Santa is so jolly is because he knows where all the bad girls live.

Christmas waves a magic wand over this world, and behold, everything is softer and more beautiful. ~Norman Vincent Peale


Mail your packages early so the post office can lose them in time for Christmas.

Merry Christmas Quotes for family:

You would find the list of Merry Christmas Quotes for your family, take a break from your busy life and show that you do care for them and greet them with Merry Christmas quotes that are especially collected for your family.

One of the most glorious messes in the world is the mess created in the living room on Christmas day. Don't clean it up too quickly. ~Andy Rooney

“Gifts of time and love are surely the basic ingredients of a truly merry Christmas.” ~ Peg Bracken

What can be better than opening presents, eating food and singing Christmas music? Doing all those things with family like you.

Remember, if Christmas isn’t found in your heart, you won’t find it under a tree.” ~ Charlotte Carpenter.
merry christmas 2016
merry christmas 2016

“It is Christmas in the heart that puts Christmas in the air.” ~ W.T. Ellis

Wishing all my family members peace and love this holiday season. May you feel the joy in your home that you bring to me.


“Blessed is the season which engages the whole world in a conspiracy of love!” ~ Hamilton Wright Mabie

The best present one can hope for this year is to spend time together. I can’t wait to celebrate the holidays with you.

“Love is what’s in the room with you at Christmas if you stop opening presents and listen.” ~ Author unknown, attributed to a 7-year-old named Bobby

“It’s beginning to look a lot like Christmas;
Soon the bells will start,
And the thing that will make them ring
Is the carol that you sing
Right within your heart.”

“A lovely thing about Christmas is that it’s compulsory, like a thunderstorm, and we all go through it together.”  – Garrison Keillor


We wish you a very Happy Holiday season and a peaceful and prosperous New Year.
christmas wishes
christmas wishes

Happy Holidays and warm wishes for 2016!

Happy Holidays. Wishing you every happiness this holiday season and through out the coming year.

May the magic and the wonder of the holiday season stay with you throughout the coming year.

Happy Holidays. Wishing you every happiness this holiday season and through out the coming year.

Wishing you a festive holiday season and a very happy new year.

Happy Holidays from everyone at [company name]. We hope your holidays will be filled with joy and laughter through the New Year.
Merry Christmas 2016
Merry Christmas 2016

Merry Christmas and Best Wishes for a Happy New Year.

Best wishes for a happy holiday season and a happy new year.

Warmest thoughts and Best Wishes for a Merry Christmas and a very Happy New Year.

Warmest greetings and best wishes for the new year.

Warmest thoughts and Best Wishes for a Merry Christmas and a very Happy New Year.

Best wishes for a happy new year filled with health, happiness, and spectacular success.

Merry Christmas wishes to teacher:

Would you like to wish your teacher or professors or anyone who taught you something useful in life then here is the list of best Merry Christmas wishes for your teachers, show your love towards the one who helped you excel in your life.

May you always be guided by the Holy Spirit as you continue to teach us in our everyday lessons. Merry Christmas Teacher!

A good teacher like you deserves to have more blessings as you continue in being a good model to your students. Merry Christmas Teacher!
christmas quotes
christmas quotes

You are not only my teacher, you are also my mentor. Thank you for guiding me in every decision that I make and for giving advises in my problems. Merry Christmas Teacher!

Thank you for everything you do for our children.
Teachers are wonderful in so many ways.
Wishing you a Happy New Year – full of love and laughter.

The best teacher is the one who suggests rather than dogmatizes, and inspires his listener with the wish to teach himself.Happy Christmas.

A teacher is not just an academic guide but a guide that teaches us some of your values as a person. This Christmas I want to thank the great human being and teacher for me. I wholeheartedly wish that this Christmas ball next to his family and loved ones.
Merry Christmas Quotes
Merry Christmas Quotes

Being a teacher can be a challenge,
But you are always there to take it on.
Thanks for all you do.
Hope the best New Year is coming your way.

Wishing you and your family a very Merry Christmas.
May this joyful season greet you with health and happiness. Merry Christmas Teacher

To a special teacher – our child
thinks the world of you.
Thank you for all you do.
We wish you a joyous New Year.
christmas messages
christmas messages

You are the best Teacher in this world. Wherever I may go in my life, I will always remember that I had an excellent guide in the form of a teacher, you.

For that person who inspires me every day with their wish that this Christmas is full of good wishes to you and your knowledge family . Happy Christmas, Professor.

Merry Christmas wishes for kids:

Well kids are not like typical adults who will get all you throw at them to make them feel good here are the finest Merry Christmas wishes for kids that will make their day.

From the moment I saw your sweet face, I knew you were the best Christmas gift I could ever receive. Merry Christmas, Sweetie!

I’m sending you warm bear hugs, loving kisses and earnest wishes for the wonderful occasion of Christmas. May you have a splendid Christmas filled with lights, songs and cheer. Merry Christmas and A Happy New Year to you.

Merry Christmas!!!


Merry Christmas!!!



Image result for merry christmas

Wishing you many More years Ahead.......

ThankGod Computers International 



Saturday, 24 December 2016

Why Education is important

Why is education important in life?

A:

QUICK ANSWER


Education is important in life because it gives people the skills and tools they need to navigate the world. Without education, people would not be able to read, write, calculate or communicate; they would also not be able to perform jobs competently, accurately and safely. Education also teaches people about the world in which they live, including information about history, philosophy and culture.
 CONTINUE READING
    Why is education important in life?
    Credit: woodleywonderworks CC-BY 2.0

    FULL ANSWER


    At its most basic level, education is important because it gives people the baseline skills to survive as adults in the world. These skills include basic literacy and numeracy, as well as the ability to communicate, complete tasks and work with others. Education is essential for nearly every type of job or career, and in many cases, education makes the difference between being able to perform a job safely and accurately and being unable to perform a job at all.
    However, many people believe that education is important in life for reasons beyond basic survival skills. Eleanor Roosevelt famously said that education is essential to good citizenship and that education is important to life because it enables people to contribute to their community and their country. Others believe education is important because it helps to answer life's big questions, including questions of how to live, work and love. Still others believe that education is important because it teaches people about the world around them.
    LEARN MORE ABOUT COLLEGES & UNIVERSITIES


    How to create a blog


    Starting a blog is the easiest way to share your ideas and expertise with the world.
    And if you want to, you can use it to promote your business—or make money straight from the blog.
    Luckily, in 2017, making a blog is easier than ever.
    It used to require lots of coding skills: HTML, CSS AND PHP, but today starting a blog can be as simple as creating a document in Word. That is, if you have simple instructions to follow.
    I’ll guide you through everything with images, so you get your blog started today.
    Over 25,000 people have already used the WebsiteSetup.org instructions to start their own blogs and websites, so we’ve probably answered every question you might have here.
    But if you get stuck with anything, feel free to contact me, and I’ll help.
    Just promise to let me know when your blog is up and running, so I get to see it—that’s the best part for me (and the reason I still offer help like this free).

    STEP 1. Before You Start a Blog

    How Much TIME Does Blogging Take?

    Blogging can take timeSetting up a blog is really simple and straightforward.
    Following these instructions will likely take less than 20 minutes.
    However, choosing a domain name and the blog’s theme (which determines how it looks) could take a while if you don’t yet know what you want them to be.
    Lastly, creating quality content that your potential readers want to read can take more time. For example, it took me more than 72 hours to put this piece of content together (including images and videos). That said, many people write shorter articles in only a couple of hours—you don’t have to spend more time on writing than you want.
    Overall, blogging doesn’t have to take much time. It’s up to you to decide how seriously you want to take it.

    How Much Does Blogging COST?

    How much does blogging cost?You might be wondering, “Will it cost tons of money to start my blog?”
    The short answer is “No.” You can even create a blog free if you want to.
    BUT there are a couple of things you should pay for.
    A domain name (www.YourBlogAddress.com) will cost around $10/year (but you can get it free—more about that later).
    Good web hosting is usually around $4-$20/month or more (although, the host I use and recommend is a bit under $3/mo).
    Bottom line: If you want to start a serious blog, you’ll need to spend a few dollars to get a domain name and web hosting. We’ll go through these in detail in STEPS 3 and 4.

    Can I Use Blogging To Make Money?

    blogging for moneyShort answer is Yes.
    Some successful bloggers make insane amounts of money ($50k/mo), and some of it is passive, too.
    Some are offering services, some are selling ad-space, some are monetizing their blogs with Amazon and some are just selling physical/digital items.
    More on that here: 33 Ways To Monetize a Blog.
    But you can set up a blog for fun or as a hobby, too. That’s completely fine and many people are already doing it. I’ve helped to set up blogs for a lot of writers who just want to become a better writer. Some people just want to share their opinion/knowledge. Some are doing it for fun.
    All that said, no matter what your goals are, you should follow these same steps to get your blog started today.

    STEP 2. Pick Your Blogging Platform

    WordPress Logo
    WordPress is the most popular blogging platform.
    When starting your blog, there are several platforms to choose from (tumblr, blogger etc..).
    However, one that really stands out from the pack is WordPress.
    It’s FREE, very user friendly, and perfect for people who’ve never built a blog before.
    Why WordPress is so popular among bloggers?
    • There are 5k+ free & paid WordPress themes available to make your design look top-quality.
    • It has tons of amazing resources to help you build the best blog possible.
    • 91% of all blogs are running on WordPress, including this one— WebsiteSetup.org.
    • WordPress is used by 62% of the top 100 company blogs (leading all other by at least 11%).
    • It offers 45k+ free plugins to help your blog run more smoothly and efficiently.
    P.S: Don’t install WordPress yet. You’ll need to install WordPress in STEP 4.
    Here are just a few examples of WordPress Blogs:
    Example WordPress Blog #1
    Warehouse:Peter Sandeen:Conversion Optimization:Mikk Leiner:screenshot-1.png
    Warehouse:Peter Sandeen:Conversion Optimization:Mikk Leiner:screenshot-2.png
    Large companies sometimes use the other blogging platforms. But they’re almost never recommended for beginners because they generally require lots of coding experience to maintain.

    Why you shouldn’t create a blog on a free platform

    It’s true, you can create your blog free. But it’ll be very limited in functionality, it’ll look boring, and the address will look somewhat childish (e.g., YourBlog.WordPress.com), which diminishes your credibility.
    There are some serious flaws in free options you need to know about:
    • No Control – Your blog is being hosted on another website (e.g., wordpress.com, tumblr.com, blogspot.com). If you violate their terms of service (even by accident), they can shut down your blog any time (it has happened before).
    • No Customization – You can’t use all the free plugins or themes. Heck, you can’t even use custom themes to really make your blog stand out.
    • Other Limitations – Free space of only 3GB. For posts, images, and perhaps videos—that’s just not enough.
    In short, don’t create a free blog, especially if you’re serious about starting a blog. Later migrating to a better option from a free blogging platform can be very time consuming and tricky.
    Instead, create a self-hosted WordPress blog where you don’t have any limitations. Plus, you’ll be able to use your own (professional) domain name.
    This leads me to the next step: finding a domain name.

    STEP 3. Choose a Domain Name

    Finding a domain nameBefore you go any further, you need to choose a domain name.
    Your domain name is important because:
    • It’s your “first impression” to website visitors.
    • It affects your rankings in search engines.
    • It defines your brand.
    With that in mind, you should put some thought into your domain name, but not too much. If you come up with something you like within 5 minutes, give it a go. (You can change it later, too).
    But here are a few domain tips to get you started:
    • Choose brandable over generic. A brandable domain name is unique and stands out from the competition, while a generic domain name is usually stuffed with keywords and unmemorable. (For example, LisasRocks.com is more brandable than RockCollectingBlog.com.)
    • Keep it concise. According to research from Gaebler.com, a magazine for entrepreneurs, the top-100 websites have approximately 6 characters in their domain name.
    • Easy to type and pronounce. Your domain name should roll off the tips of your fingers and the tips of your tongue without any problem.
    TIP: If you haven’t bought a domain name yet, go with BlueHost. They’re currently offering free domain names for anyone who signs up for their hosting service.
    Plus, when you start a self-hosted WordPress blog, you’ll need a web host anyways, so get a free domain at the same time.

    STEP 4. Get Web Hosting and Set Up Your Blog

    Choosing your host is the most important aspect of creating your blog.
    Bad web hosts cause most of the issues people have related to their blog. For example, unhelpful customer service and hidden fees are quite common…
    Many cheap hosts also overuse servers to cut their costs—and that leads to your site potentially not working just because many people are visiting some other site. Only some cheaper hosts control the resources well, so that your website always works right.
    I highly recommend using www.Bluehost.com as your host, and it’s the hosting company I currently use.
    Here are some reasons why:
    • They have one-click WordPress installation, which makes it easy for you to get started.
    • They have great 24/7 support, so there’s always someone to answer your questions. They even have employees who work full-time on improving WordPress itself, so there probably isn’t a question you could ask that they couldn’t answer.
    • They’ve been recommended by WordPress since 2005.
    • They have a money-back guarantee, so you can get a refund if you decide you don’t want to have a blog after all.
    • Lastly, you’ll get a free domain name.

    Here’s a simple step-by-step guide for setting up your blog using web host.

    NOTE: It’s easiest and fastest to do this if you go through the steps with me. But in case you want to know the steps before starting, here they are:
    1. Go to BlueHost and click the “get started” button.
    2. Choose the hosting plan (you can pick the cheapest one).
    3. Choose the domain name you want (they give it to you free).
    4. Write down your contact and billing information and choose extras (you don’t need any).
    5. Use the 1-click install to get WordPress ready.
    Altogether, this takes about 5-10 minutes if you follow the instructions (and you have chosen your domain name). So, you can start writing your first post in just a few minutes.

    1. Go to Bluehost and click the “get started” button.

    Go to www.Bluehost.com and click on the “Get started now” button. Use this link to get a FREE domain, too.
    This discount applies to all websitesetup.org visitors, so make sure you take advantage of it.
    WSU & BH Landing Page

    2. Choose the hosting plan (you can pick the cheapest one).

    Now it’s time to choose your hosting package.
    There are three options: Basic (recommended), Plus, and Prime.
    The Basic option is perfect for brand new websites. The other two aren’t really needed unless you’re getting millions of visitors from day one. Best of all, Basic is the cheapest option so you save some cash, too!
    Different blog hosting options

    3. Choose the domain name you want (they give it to you free).

    Next, you’ll need to choose a domain name.
    It doesn’t have to end with .com, so you can also use different endings (such as: .net, .org, or even .co.uk) if your first choice isn’t available.
    If you already have a domain name (i.e., you bought it from somewhere else), use the second form on the right (“I have a domain name”).
    Choosing a domain name

    4. Write down your contact and billing information and choose extras (you don’t need any).

    There are three parts to this page. The first is account information.
    Just enter your contact information as you would normally.